-
Analysing the Implementation of Six Stroke Engine in a Hybrid Car
Chinmayee Karmalkar,
Vivek Raut
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
1-4
Received:
3 December 2013
Published:
10 January 2014
Abstract: The aim of the presented paper is to understand the latest trends in Internal Combustion Engine while maintaining its prime focus on six stroke engine. The underlying idea to write this paper is to try and implement a 6 stroke engine coupled to an electric motor in hybrid car. This would then be numerically analyzed with existing hybrid cars. The important aspect is to actually combine the beneficial actions of both hybrid technology and 6 stroke engines and to study its after effects. The parameters during the comparison are efficiencies, fuel consumption, etc. The paper progresses with the governing principles in ideal case and then slowly implementing the idea in practical sense. Also the predicted fuel economy is been discussed below.
Abstract: The aim of the presented paper is to understand the latest trends in Internal Combustion Engine while maintaining its prime focus on six stroke engine. The underlying idea to write this paper is to try and implement a 6 stroke engine coupled to an electric motor in hybrid car. This would then be numerically analyzed with existing hybrid cars. The i...
Show More
-
Numerical Simulations of Self-Oscillatory Flows near Blunted Bodies, Giving off Opposite Jets
Bladimir Ivanovich Pinchukov
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
5-10
Received:
12 December 2013
Published:
30 January 2014
Abstract: New self-oscillatory compressible flows are found and investigated. Self-oscillations are supposed to be produced as a result of resonance interactions of flow “active” elements, namely, elements, amplifying disturbances. Hypothesis is used that contact discontinuities and intersection points of shocks with shocks or shocks with contact discontinuities compose the flow set of “active” elements. Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stocks equations added by an algebraic turbulence model are solved by an implicit third order Runge-Kutta scheme. Well studied open cavity flow and jet impinging on a plane are calculated to verify the numerical method and the turbulence model. Compressible flows near blunted bodies, giving off supersonic opposite jets from forehead surfaces, are discovered to have self-oscillatory regimes.
Abstract: New self-oscillatory compressible flows are found and investigated. Self-oscillations are supposed to be produced as a result of resonance interactions of flow “active” elements, namely, elements, amplifying disturbances. Hypothesis is used that contact discontinuities and intersection points of shocks with shocks or shocks with contact discontinui...
Show More
-
Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy
Md. Azizar Rahman,
Abdul Quader,
A. K. M. Akther Hossain
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
11-17
Received:
25 December 2013
Published:
30 January 2014
Abstract: High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.
Abstract: High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic h...
Show More
-
Sound Attenuation Devices for Dogs Barking (Estimation of Aperture Ratio and Experimental Study of Silencer)
Shuichi Sakamoto,
Yuichi Toyoshima,
Nobuaki Murayama,
Toru Miyairi,
Akira Hoshino,
Takatsune Narumi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
18-24
Received:
23 February 2014
Published:
20 March 2014
Abstract: This paper reports a natural ventilation silencer for an animal cage having considerable sound insertion loss. Many veterinary hospitals face a serious problem that hospitalized animals are stressed from the barks of other dogs in the hospital. To address this problem, a solution that barely affects caged dogs’ health is required. First, we estimated aperture ratio of the silencer device which was considered by physiological sustainability of dog. Next, we attempted to use a silencer with sound insertion loss by attaching it to an opening side of the cage. We constructed the tested prototype silencers by using the resonance of a rectangular room and a nonwoven fabric. We measured the acoustic characteristics of the silencers that were attached to the real scale model of the animal cage. We also measured their insertion loss by considering the estimated frequency characteristics of the dogs’ barking sound. The result shows that proposed silencers have more than 10 dB insertion loss; therefore, they can maintain respiratory environment of a caged dogs along with good visibility.
Abstract: This paper reports a natural ventilation silencer for an animal cage having considerable sound insertion loss. Many veterinary hospitals face a serious problem that hospitalized animals are stressed from the barks of other dogs in the hospital. To address this problem, a solution that barely affects caged dogs’ health is required. First, we estimat...
Show More
